N\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe, interneti \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga shpikjet m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha njer\u00ebzore. Na ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb kapacitetin p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb gj\u00ebra m\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb paimagjinueshme dhe e ka b\u00ebr\u00eb jet\u00ebn shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme. Tani ajo p\u00ebrshkon \u00e7do pjes\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00ebs son\u00eb: n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri, n\u00eb pun\u00eb dhe n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebn fasad\u00ebn e saj me shk\u00eblqim, do t\u00eb zbuloni se ka katakomba t\u00eb err\u00ebta dhe shqet\u00ebsuese ku kriminel\u00ebt kibernetik\u00eb, t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm me demon\u00ebt, ndjekin gjahun e tyre. K\u00ebtu jan\u00eb disa fakte t\u00eb frikshme nga ana e err\u00ebt e internetit.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb bot\u00ebn e ndritshme, me shk\u00eblqim, t\u00eb p\u00ebrditshme, njer\u00ebzit normal\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb n\u00eb internet duke p\u00ebrdorur motor\u00eb k\u00ebrkimi si Google. K\u00ebto sh\u00ebrbime beninje jan\u00eb krijuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur informacione t\u00eb dobishme nga faqet e internetit ose media t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb publikuara si video, imazhe ose dokumente. Ata na furnizojn\u00eb me lidhje ku mund t\u00eb vizitojm\u00eb uebfaqet ose t\u00eb shkarkojm\u00eb informacionin q\u00eb duam.<\/p>\n
Sidoqoft\u00eb, ka lloje krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb motor\u00ebve t\u00eb k\u00ebrkimit. Sot, me IoT dhe sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb lidhura, mund t\u00eb zbulohen sisteme t\u00eb t\u00ebra. K\u00ebto p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb kamera CCTV, semafor\u00eb, stacione b\u00ebrthamore, produkte sht\u00ebpiake IoT, impiante industriale, autostrada t\u00eb zgjuara dhe \u00e7do gj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr q\u00eb lidhet me internetin.<\/p>\n
Aft\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar n\u00eb internet p\u00ebr k\u00ebto lloje informacioni arrihet me at\u00eb q\u00eb njihet si ‘banner grabbing\u2019. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb teknik\u00eb q\u00eb mbledh meta t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb transmetuara nga nj\u00eb server tek nj\u00eb klient kur p\u00ebrdor protokolle t\u00eb till\u00eb si FTP, HTTP, Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP), SIP, SNMP, SSH dhe Telnet. K\u00ebto meta t\u00eb dh\u00ebna japin informacion n\u00eb lidhje me nj\u00eb sistem kompjuterik n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet dhe sh\u00ebrbimet t\u00eb cilat ai funksionon n\u00eb portet e hapura. Ky lloj aktiviteti zakonisht b\u00ebhet nga administrator\u00ebt e sistemit n\u00eb rrjetet e tyre me q\u00ebllim krijimin e nj\u00eb inventari t\u00eb sistemit dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve. K\u00ebta motor\u00eb k\u00ebrkimi, megjithat\u00eb, i mbledhin ato t\u00eb dh\u00ebna n\u00eb nivel global dhe i b\u00ebjn\u00eb ato t\u00eb disponueshme p\u00ebr publikun.<\/p>\n
Ajo q\u00eb i b\u00ebn k\u00ebto lloje t\u00eb motor\u00ebve t\u00eb k\u00ebrkimit t\u00eb dobish\u00ebm p\u00ebr kriminel\u00ebt n\u00eb internet dhe spiun\u00ebt e sponsorizuar nga shteti \u00ebsht\u00eb se rezultatet e tyre mund t\u00eb filtrohen p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar nj\u00eb list\u00eb t\u00eb llojeve t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta t\u00eb pajisjeve, s\u00eb bashku me sh\u00ebrbimet dhe programet e tyre, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb sistemet e tyre operative.<\/p>\n
K\u00ebrkimet t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb nj\u00eb motor k\u00ebrkimi t\u00eb disponuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr publikun kan\u00eb qen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb zbulojn\u00eb gj\u00ebra t\u00eb tilla si sistemi i komandimit dhe kontrollit t\u00eb nj\u00eb centrali b\u00ebrthamor.<\/p>\n
Ndoshta m\u00eb shqet\u00ebsuese p\u00ebr lexuesit e biznesit \u00ebsht\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoni server\u00eb dhe pajisje q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin fjal\u00ebkalime t\u00eb paracaktuara (p.sh., 0000 ose 1234), dhe emra p\u00ebrdoruesish (p.sh., administrator). Duke b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebshtu siguron nj\u00eb list\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb rezultateve. Me k\u00ebt\u00eb informacion n\u00eb maj\u00eb t\u00eb gishtave, gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb i duhet nj\u00eb hakeri \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb hyj\u00eb n\u00eb faqen e hyrjes p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb web shfletuesi.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb Konferenc\u00ebn Defcon Cybersecurity, nj\u00eb ekspert sigurie p\u00ebrdori nj\u00eb motor k\u00ebrkimi t\u00eb till\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb hyr\u00eb n\u00eb sistemet e komandimit dhe kontrollit p\u00ebr pajisje t\u00eb ndryshme IoT si\u00e7 jan\u00eb dyert e garazhit automatik dhe ftoh\u00ebsit e zgjuar t\u00eb ajrit. Ata gjithashtu zbuluan nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb kontrollit t\u00eb trafikut p\u00ebr nj\u00eb qytet t\u00eb madh, i cili mund t\u00eb arrihej n\u00eb internet dhe t\u00eb vihej n\u00eb modalitetin e testimit duke p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb komand\u00eb baz\u00eb.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr fat t\u00eb mir\u00eb, k\u00ebta lloj\u00eb t\u00eb motor\u00ebve t\u00eb k\u00ebrkimit p\u00ebrdoren kryesisht nga ata q\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqen ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb internetin nj\u00eb vend m\u00eb t\u00eb sigurt: ekspert\u00eb t\u00eb siguris\u00eb, kompani anti-virus, agjenci t\u00eb testimit t\u00eb dep\u00ebrtimit, studiues universitar dhe agjenci qeveritare. Informacioni q\u00eb ata gjejn\u00eb ndihmon n\u00eb krijimin e nj\u00eb panorame m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb gjendjes s\u00eb cenueshme t\u00eb internetit t\u00eb sot\u00ebm. Ajo jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb u tregon atyre se cilat jan\u00eb dob\u00ebsit\u00eb; gjithashtu u tregon se ku. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, sh\u00ebrbimet e cenueshme, t\u00eb tilla si stacionet e energjis\u00eb b\u00ebrthamore, mund t\u00eb marrin parasysh.<\/p>\n
Sidoqoft\u00eb, n\u00ebse djemt\u00eb e mir\u00eb mund t\u00eb gjejn\u00eb dob\u00ebsit\u00eb, k\u00ebshtu mund t\u00eb gjejn\u00eb edhe kriminel\u00ebt n\u00eb internet. Dhe ata nuk kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb mb\u00ebshteten n\u00eb k\u00ebto lloje t\u00eb motor\u00ebve t\u00eb k\u00ebrkimit, ata gjithashtu kan\u00eb qasje n\u00eb botnet q\u00eb mund t\u00eb zbulojn\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin informacion pa l\u00ebn\u00eb gjurm\u00ebt e tyre t\u00eb pista t\u00eb gisht\u00ebrinjve n\u00eb motorin e k\u00ebrkimit q\u00eb t\u00eb zbulojn\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt.<\/p>\n
Problemi p\u00ebr shum\u00eb organizata \u00ebsht\u00eb se kur fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb lidhin sistemet e tyre p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb web serveri, ata nuk mbrohen mjaftuesh\u00ebm fort nga hakerat. Shpesh, ata pa dashje i l\u00ebn\u00eb sistemet e tyre t\u00eb hapura p\u00ebr k\u00ebdo p\u00ebr t\u00eb hyr\u00eb dhe duke b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebshtu, ndajn\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat, parat\u00eb dhe pron\u00ebsin\u00eb intelektuale me bot\u00ebn.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur veten, keni nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb politik\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00eb sigurie, e cila p\u00ebrfshin nj\u00eb politik\u00eb fjal\u00ebkalimi, secure authentication, application updates and patching, firewalls, intrusion prevention, email protection dhe trajnim t\u00eb stafit.<\/p>\n